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美国银行业强监管呼之欲出!白宫新提案曝光,多名官员寻求推翻特朗普战果

就在说出对美国区域性银行业危机“已经尽力”之后没几天,美国总统拜登似乎打算在银行业监管方面更进一步。

3月30日周四,白宫称,2018年特朗普政府的去监管行动走得太远,拜登政府呼吁监管机构收紧对中型银行的监管规定,这是其应对导致两家区域性银行倒闭的美国银行业危机的最新举措。

白宫周四呼吁联邦银行机构与财政部一起实施一系列改革措施以收紧规则,这些措施都不需要国会批准。

这些变化包括恢复对资产在1000亿美元至2500亿美元之间的银行的一些监管要求——破产的硅谷银行就属于这一类别——包括流动性要求、加强压力测试和所谓的“生前遗嘱”,以显示银行如果倒闭将会发生什么。

白宫还呼吁,对该范围内的银行进行年度压力测试,而不是每两年一次;一旦银行资产达到1000亿美元,就缩短应用压力测试的时间间隔;加强监管工具以确保银行能够承受利率上升带来的压力;白宫支持呼吁社区银行不要分担补充存款保险基金的成本,该基金用于支持硅谷银行和Signature银行,白宫呼吁联邦存款保险公司在不依赖社区银行的情况下补充该基金。

此举出台之际,拜登正在寻找进一步平息银行业危机并防止再次倒闭的工具。现任拜登政府国家经济委员会主席的前美联储副主席Lael Brainard过去曾辩称,根据国会颁布的2018年措施,美联储必须进一步撤销监管措施。

一位白宫官员说最终将由监管机构来实施这些变化,但美国政府在准备这一提案时已经与监管机构进行了交谈。

财政部长耶伦将在周四的一次演讲中警告说,放松管制的努力可能走得太远,并助长了最近的危机。耶伦称:

重要的是重新审视我们目前的监管制度是否足以应对银行今天面临的风险。

美国民主党内的进步派议员们认为,2018年,特朗普政府期间推行的放松金融管制是导致银行倒闭的一个因素,而支持放松管制的共和党议员则将责任归咎于监管机构监管不力。

本周二,拜登曾表示,他已尽一切可能,与现有监管机构一起解决银行业危机,但危机“尚未结束”。

当被问及政府是否不会采取更多行政行动来解决此事时,拜登说:

哦,不,还没有结束。我们正在密切关注。

在硅谷银行倒闭后不久,3月12日,拜登发声明称,美国人民和企业能抱有信心,在他们需要时能取回存款。

硅谷银行倒闭也引发外界质疑当局监管不力,康奈尔大学法学院教授Saule Omarova指出,在2008-2009年金融危机之后,根据《多德-弗兰克改革》实施的一些法规的回缩,使得监管机构更难以跟踪中小型银行的健康状况。

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